Video: Carmen Reinhart on a Decade of Debt

Here is a link to audio only versions of Carmen's presentation and the Q&A.

Podcast: Carmen Reinhart on the Coming Financial Repression

Link to audio stream here.

AEP on Euro Endgame: "Sorry Deutschland. History has conspired against you, again."

Evans-Pritchard on the Eurozone's Debt Endgame:

The Geithner Plan must be accompanied a monetary blitz, since the fiscal card is largely exhausted and Germany refuses to lower its savings rate to rebalance the EMU system. The only plausible option is for the ECB to let rip with unsterilized bond purchases on a mass scale, with a treaty change in the bank's mandate to target jobs and growth. 

This would weaken the euro, giving a lifeline to southern manufacturers competing with China. It would engineer an inflationary mini-boom in Germany, forcing up relative German costs within EMU. That would be the beginning of a solution, albeit a bad one. 

Sorry Deutschland. History has conspired against you, again. You must sign away €2 trillion, and debauch your central bank, and accept 5pc inflation, or be blamed for Götterdämmerung. It is not fair but that is what monetary union always meant. Didn't they tell you?

Full article here. 

Video: SNL Parody of Republican Presidential Debates

QOTD from World's Largest Currency Trader, John Taylor: "The euro is going to hell"

Here are some other highlights:

So why should the U.S. dollar appreciate in such a horrid environment? As the world's reserve currency, Taylor says, the dollar has become a reverse indicator of the globe's economic health. "Whenever things are good in the world, [the] currency goes down," since there's ample liquidity. But when the rest of the globe is doing poorly, there's no liquidity and therefore the U.S. dollar is worth more. "That is the most important thing to know about foreign exchange nowadays–it is kind of backwards," he says. 

Greece's default is more a matter of when than if, he says, as the Greek citizenry won't support the austerity measures necessary to stay in the euro zone. There will be a referendum this autumn on some of the recent changes, and the outcome could upend the fiscal cuts already decided upon, Taylor warns. 

He now sees the euro trading between $1.37 and $1 over the next 18 months—nearer to the top side "if the Fed does its best at ruining our currency, and the euro manages to survive somehow." The world is pretending the European debt crisis is fixed, he adds—necessary if you are trading short term, but "long-term, a debt deal isn't going to work. The euro is going to hell. Every time they do things to fix it, it gets deeper and deeper." 

Are there any other currencies worth paying attention to? Taylor is positive on the commodity-based ones, such as the Australian and New Zealand dollars, despite their run-up. "We use commodities to forecast currencies," he notes. For instance, Norway's krone is a function of the price of oil, which he thinks is a solid long-term bet on the next growth cycle. In five years, he says, "we could see oil at $500 a barrel. I would be a buyer on dips of oil." 

Among Taylor's influences is the 1991 book, Generations, by historians William Strauss and Neil Howe, which identifies longer-term cultural and demographic cycles in American life. "Every 80 years, we go through a deleveraging cycle," he says. "It's hard to measure, but that's where we are now. It has to do with the period 2010-20, compared with 1930-40." The so-called Millennials, who were born between 1980 and 2000, "will be the ones to save us, but they'll have no money, no entitlements," says Taylor.

Full article here. 

Video: Meltdown - Documentary (all 4 parts) on the Financial Crisis

h/t Barry R.

Greece and Gold During World War II

Reading Timothy Green's The World of Gold  (1968, p. 154-55) I ran across the below quote from a wealthy Greek soap and oil manufacturer from Salonica reflecting back on the war:

'My family changed all their money into gold sovereigns in the winter of 1941 before the Germans invaded Greece. We had at least 3,000 sovereigns hidden behind the frames of four doors in the house. As soon as the Germans arrived, they took over my father's factory and without those (gold) sovereigns we would all have starved. Although we didn't realize it at the time, most of our other relatives and friends had done just the same thing. But my grandfather, who had put his faith in the Greek currency, was left with a bundle of worthless notes. He lost everything.'

Green then reflects on the role of gold in Greece at the time of his writing in 1968:

This experience dies hard. Today the (gold) sovereign is still the backbone of the Greek economy. The country absorbs vast quantities of the gold coins. Six million of them were imported from London in 1965, a further two million in 1966. The Bank of Greece has made some attempt to check the habit by insisting that sovereigns can be imported only with dollars held outside Greece and that all transactions must be registered with the Bank. But such regulations are unlikely to sweep away the customs of many generations. There is a thriving black market in sovereigns. The uneasiness about the future of the monarchy in Greece is not helping to breed confidence in the drachma.

From this it would seem that Greeks have a rich history of understanding the value of gold in uncertain times, which makes it all the more difficult to understand why so many Greeks are still keeping their euros in Greeks banks?!

Is the Bernanke Put Kaput?

As Barry suggests, have we just seen the end of the Bernanke put? Based on the way markets are trading today it would appear Ken Rogoff was right that Bernanke doesn't have the stock market's back.

However, in all likelihood Soros is right about how policymaking powers-that-be will be forced to bailout Too Big To Fail banks should the financial system begin to teeter again. In which case the only real question is for how long can the current central bank shell-game be sustained in a low-to-no growth economic environment?

No one -- not Ben Bernanke, not Alan Greenspan, not Milton Friedman if he were alive, nobody -- knows for sure just how much more room the Fed's balance sheet has before non-negligible inflation kicks in. However, former Fed Chair Paul Volcker for one is starting to get nervous.

Federal Reserve Total Assets ($s Trillions)

(click to enlarge)

Continue reading the full article at SeekingAlpha here.

Video: Soros (Best Case Scenario) 2-3 European Countries Default/Leave Euro

And oh btw, the U.S. has probably already entered a double-dip recession.

But the good news, according to Soros, is that government authorities have learned from Lehman and will bail out Too Big to Fail firms when the system collapses again. In other words, the so-called 'Bernanke put' is not kaput.

Video: Jim Chanos' Latest Thoughts on China

Graphic: Who Holds Sovereign Debt? 70% of U.S. Debt Held by Government Entities

Courtesy of Global Macro Monitor:

Here’s a great chart just released by the International Monetary Fund. Note that almost half — 47 percent – of the US$14.7 trillion U.S. federal government debt is held by the Federal Reserve and the government itself, such as the Social Security trust fund. Add to that the 22 percent foreign official holdings (mainly central banks) and almost 70 percent of the debt of the U.S. government is held by non-market/non-profit oriented public sector entities. Stunning! 

It’s also interesting to hear Europeans quote the $14.7 trillion (apx. 100% of GDP) figure while U.S. officials like to refer to marketable or debt held by the public, which totals US$10.1 trillion (apx. 75% of GDP).

(click to enlarge)

Video: Niall Ferguson's TED Talk on the Great Divergence

Why the Vickers Report on Banking Reform Failed the UK and the World

Kotlikoff rips the Vickers commission's final recommendation:

The Independent Banking Commission’s final report is a grave disappointment. The ICB (chaired by Sir John Vickers) seeks to reinstate Glass-Steagall by ring-fencing good banks and letting bad banks do their thing and, if they get into trouble, suffer the consequences. This proposition was tested by the collapse of Lehman Brothers, whose failure nearly destroyed the global financial system. 

The commission retains the current system apart from some extra requirements primarily imposed on the good banks (the retail banks). The main impact of this is likely to be to foster more financial intermediation to run through the bad banks, i.e. if you impose more regulation on financial companies that call themselves X and less on companies that call themselves Y, companies that call themselves X will start to call themselves Y. In short, the commission has in effect taxed good banking while sanctifying shadow banking. The commission has also chosen to regulate based on what a bank calls itself, rather than on what it does.

A year back, Mervyn King, Bank of England governor, described the current banking system as the “worst possible.” In a speech, delivered at the Buttonwood Conference in New York, he called for the analysis of Limited Purpose Banking — a reform plan that I developed, which replaces traditional banking with mutual fund banking and makes no distinction between financial intermediaries.

At the end of last year, I travelled to London and met the commission staff to discuss Limited Purpose Banking. I had thought the commission would take the proposal and my discussion with them seriously. That was not to be. In fact, the commission spent very little space discussing the proposal, despite Mr King’s urging that it be carefully studied, and notwithstanding its remarkably strong endorsement by economics Nobel Laureates George Akerlof, Robert Lucas, Edmund Phelps, Edward Prescott, and Robert Fogel as well as by former US secretary of state and former US secretary of the treasury, George Shultz, by Jeff Sachs, Simon Johnson, Niall Ferguson, Ken Rogoff, Michael Boskin, Steve Ross, Jagdish Bhagwati, and many other prominent economists and policymakers.

Do the opinions of the governor of the Bank of England and all these prominent authorities on finance and economics deserve to be dismissed in seven sentences? For seven sentences is all the commission was able to spare when it came to discussing Limited Purpose Banking, notwithstanding the 358 page length of its report.

Full article here.

How many euro area finance ministers does it take to change a light bulb?

None – there is nothing wrong with the light bulb.

From the Irish Times.

Greek Referendum on Leaving the Euro

Update: a rumor no longer. Latest polling shows 60% of Greeks oppose last week's bailout deal, while 70% want to keep the euro. The vote will supposedly take place sometime early next year. I stand by my earlier prediction that this vote will never take place for the reasons described below. The prospect of a Greek vote on not just the bailout but Eurozone membership, hanging over the financial system like a Sword of Damocles, cannot possibly be tolerated for the next three months.

The latest rumor:

As pressure from Greece’s foreign creditors and austerity-weary citizens mounts on the government, Prime Minister George Papandreou is considering calling for a referendum on whether Greece should continue to tackle its debt crisis within the eurozone or by exiting the single currency. 

According to sources, Papandreou hopes that the outcome of such a vote would constitute a fresh mandate for his Socialist government to continue with an austerity drive backed by Greece’s international lenders -- the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

A bill submitted in Parliament, paving the way for a referendum to be carried out, is to be discussed in coming days.

Here's the source.

Will Greeks be allowed to vote on whether or not they want to remain in the Eurozone? Extremely unlikely, IMO.

The Eurozone is like the Eagles' Hotel California: countries which have been invited can check in any time they like, but they can never leave. A formal legal process for leaving the Eurozone was intentionally left out of Maastricht.

The situation on the ground in Greece is already incendiary enough as it is. Putting the euro to a Greek vote, while democratic, would trigger far too much chaos. And if the majority voted in favor of leaving the euro and returning to the drachma there would be an immediate, full run on Greek banks (if it hadn't already been completed in anticipation of the voting result).

If Greece decides to leave the Euro, which looks increasingly likely, it won't be done through a popular vote.

Why oh why on Earth is anyone still keeping their euros in a Greek bank? Or to put it another way, why aren't the Greeks behaving more like the Irish?

If Not Obama, Who Does Secretary Geithner Take Orders From?

Here's the story about how Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner, perhaps emboldened by his ability to get away with tax evasion, decided in March 2009 to ignore President Obama's directive to dissolve Citibank.

As MIT Professor Simon Johnson and others have pointed out, the most recent financial crisis marked the third time in the last three decades that Citibank has needed a taxpayer financed bailout. In other words, once every 10 years on average Citibank goes bust.

Obama, perhaps aware of this fact, maybe thought it was time to put an end to the joke that Citibank and its lackluster management can stand on its own two feet without government backing. Why didn't Geithner agree with his boss?

Friends of Bob: Summers, Orszag and Geithner

Yves Smith has a theory. Another possibility is that dismantling Citibank would have put an end to the #1 preferred post-government destination for officials looking to cash-in like Robert Rubin, who pocketed hundreds of millions of dollars in compensation as Chairman of Citibank following his position as Treasury Secretary, and Peter Orszag, who left the Obama administration for a similar lucrative position with the megabank.

And what consequences has Geithner suffered for his supposed insubordination? Apparently none based on the fact that Obama purportedly had to beg him to stay on through the 2012 election.

Video: Why Is There a Nobel Prize in Economics?

Video: Ray Dalio Not Optimisitic About Orderly Eurozone Resolution

Video: Secret Swinger Henry Kissinger

QOTD: Argentina's Central Banker - "Greece should default, and default big"

The above quote is from Mario Blejer, who managed Argentina's central bank following the world's biggest sovereign default.

Also from Blejer:"This debt is unpayable...a small default is worse than a big default and also worse than no default."

More here.

Irish Banks Have Lost 40% Of Deposits, Why Have Greek Banks Only Lost 19%?

Irish banks have lost 40% of their deposits over the past 18 months, whereas Greek banks have lost 19%. (Without thinking I almost inserted a 'just' in front of the Greek figure, but 19% is still a significant number!)

Right now the risk is much greater for Greece than Ireland of either leaving or getting kicked out of the euro, followed by:

1. Declaring a bank holiday
2. Enacting capital controls
3. Restricting Shengen and imposing limitations on travel, reducing the amount of money which can be taken out of the country per visit, or both
4. And then devaluing the new currency by approximately 50%

Naturally, one would expect deposit withdrawals to be much higher in Greece than Ireland, but according to official statistics the opposite is the case.

From Bloomberg:

Deposits by financial institutions in Greek banks, which make up 21 percent of the total, have fallen by one-third since the beginning of 2010, while those by non-financial firms and residents dropped 9 percent, according to Bank of Greece data. 

People “are now afraid of the possibility of returning to the drachma,” said Giannoulis, referring to the Greek currency in circulation before the country adopted the euro in 2001. “Just a headline is enough to spook depositors.” 

Something doesn't smell right here. If Greek depositors were really afraid of returning to the drachma then they'd be pulling euros out en masse and stashing them under the mattress or opening bank accounts in other countries.

Greece has reported wildly inaccurate economic figures since the crisis began so one possibility here is that the 19% in withdrawals is another fraudulent Greek figure and massively understated. Recently Greece quietly activated the Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) program in what was described as 'last stand' for Greek banks:

The ELA was designed under European rules to allow national central banks to provide liquidity for their own lenders when they run out of collateral of a quality that can be used to trade with the ECB. It is an obscure tool that is supposed to be temporary and one of the last resorts for indebted banks. So far it has only be used in Ireland. 

By accepting a lower level of collateral the debt in the ELA is, in theory, supposed to be the responsibility of Greece. However, since the Greek state is surviving on eurozone bailouts and Greek banks are reliant on ECB funding, in practice the loans are backed by the eurozone. The terms of lending and other details are not disclosed publicly. 

Mr Ruparel said: "Though the ELA is meant to be a temporary emergency solution, we know from Ireland, where the programme has been running for almost a year, that once banks get hooked on ELA they rarely get off it."

More about the slow motion European bank run here.

Video: Ethics in Economics

More on this topic here and here.

Video: Kissinger (National Geographic TV Special)

QOTD: "It's like dealing with children that constantly have to be told to clean up their rooms"

That is from an unnamed German official with regards to Greece. Here's another gem:

Mitropoulos is supposed to have investment deals worth €1.7 billion sealed by the end of September. That's the plan, but in reality this is impossible, for technical reasons if nothing else. Does he worry that the troika will refuse to release the next tranche of aid? No, says Mitropoulos. "I live for the next day."

Feel more of the love here.

Greece Can Legally Introduce Capital Controls Under EU Article 143

From Spiegel:

Contrary to earlier assumptions, restrictions on the movement of capital, which could be used to prevent Greek citizens from moving their money abroad (something that would endanger the country's banks), are now seen as being compatible with EU law. Article 143 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union offers a loophole, in that it permits certain countries to "take protective measures."

The new line is not entirely uncontroversial, however. This became apparent at a meeting of the euro zone's deputy finance ministers last Monday, when the so-called troika of the European Commission, European Central Bank and IMF gave its report on the situation in Greece. 

The group was divided in the end. For the first time, there was a majority, led by the Germans, Dutch and Finns, that advocated pulling the ripcord on Greece. 

The southern countries, including France, were considerably more reserved. They feared that if funds were cut off for Greece, they could be next in line. 

Can someone please explain to me why so many Greeks still have their euros in a Greek bank? According to the latest official figures since Jan. 2010 Greek bank deposits have only declined by 20%. Assuming these figures are accurate (a big assumption) I would have expected the outflow to be much greater.

Lehman Part Deux: The Dexia Domino and Belgium’s Caretaker Government

The fear that Dexia, a Brussels-based money center bank, may become the 'another Lehman' thought to be lurking somewhere in Europe was given further credence a few days ago when its CEO resigned suddenly. The surprise departure of a senior executive -- often a grave omen -- turned up the heat up on a stew which had already been simmering for months. 

While both the French and German governments should have enough reserves and borrowing capacity to backstop their banking systems following default by one or more European sovereigns, the Belgians recently broke Iraq's record for being the country unable to form a government for the longest period of time (500+ days and counting). While the political dysfunctionality appears to have been a boon for the local economy it raises questions about what will happen should Dexia need a bailout following what appears to be an imminent Greek default.

Reflecting its regional significance, the Belgian, French and Luxembourg governments injected over 6 billion euros into Dexia during the last financial crisis. But without a Belgian authority to negotiate with, and given that France's banks are coming under significant speculative attack (for good reason. More on 'slippery' accounting at French banks here), there is a very legitimate question of whether a similar regional bailout can be orchestrated again.

Continue reading the full article at SeekingAlpha here.

Video: Jim Rogers on Greek Default, Operation Twist, SNB Intervention & Why He's Shorting Equities

Rogers on how "Bernanke has been lying to us again" and other thoughts on what's happening right now and where he's investing.

End Game: Greece to Default This Weekend?

While the Greek government is publicly denying it (I suppose they have to until the banks close) the game appears to be up (further confirmation from Spiegel here).

The timing of the default would come roughly in line with my prediction. We're also seeing a softening in the euro, now down to $1.36, also as predicted.

In terms of what happens next, the first step following default would likely be a bank holiday in Greece. This would then be followed by some type of devaluation (rumoured to be around 50%) of the reintroduced drachma.

As I posted yesterday, anyone in Greece who still has their euros in a Greek bank may want to move swiftly.

Here is Professor Eichengreen with some deeper perspective and why its likely the ECB is going to be doing a lot of Ctrl+P.

Is the slow motion bank run currently underway in Greece about to accelerate?

Why anyone in Greece is still keeping their euros in the Greek banking system right now is beyond me.

The latest here.

Review: Bin Laden: Shoot to Kill (Channel 4 On Demand)

A new Channel 4 docudrama on the Bin Laden raid premiered last night and provides new details on the covert op. It also features interview with senior U.S. government officials, a former Seal Team Six member, and a rather candid interview with President Obama. The trailer is embedded below; full video here.

One interesting element from the White House spin which comes through in the video is President Obama's repeated reference to there only being a 50-50 chance of Bin Laden being in the compound, and that this operation was basically a 'gamble'. President Obama has come under a lot of criticism of late for being too risk averse, so from a messaging and political strategy point of view it could be helpful for the President to beef up his risk taking image.

However, the natural question is whether this is the right spot politically for Obama to be positioning himself as a risk taker? I see two potential problems: first, by emphasizing the 50-50 gamble it makes Obama appear like he got lucky. Second, as opposed to gambling on financial regulatory or budget reform here his gamble here involved the lives of military personnel as well as a Pakistani military backlash.

From a military strategy perspective I can see advantages to emphasizing Obama's willingness to take risk on convert raids in terms of the message it sends to both U.S. enemies and 'frenemies' alike. Americans may also prefer that their President be 'lucky' rather than or in addition to being 'good'.

Overall it's an intriguing messaging strategy and the video is well worth a watch.

Bin Laden: Shoot to Kill (Channel 4 trailer) from Nutopia on Vimeo.

Channel 4's Description:

A stellar cast of White House insiders speak on camera about the operation to find and kill Osama Bin Laden, including the first - and extraordinary - documentary interview with President Barack Obama on the subject. 

From the anxiety-drenched minutes in the White House Situation Room to the deadly stairwells of Bin Laden's secret labyrinth, cinematic dramatisations take viewers deep inside one of the most important moments of our era, showing the US Navy Seals coming face to face with the most wanted man in history. 

Based on high-level CIA and White House briefings, and packed with exclusive stories and fresh insights, the film reveals that President Obama received a downbeat last-minute intelligence assessment, which caused many of his senior advisors to turn against the operation.

SNB Gift-Wraps $2,000/oz. Gold

Perhaps not since World Bank President Robert Zoellick publicly advocated a return to the gold standard last year has the barbarous relic received such a sure-fire price boost.

Today the Swiss National Bank declared that it will print an "unlimited" number of Swiss francs (because fiat central banks can do that) to prevent further appreciation of the franc.

The Swiss franc had been considered perhaps the ultimate safe haven currency, alongside perhaps to a lesser extent the Japanese yen. Both have been appreciating steadily over the past year+ in the face of periodic interventions by their respective central banks. Both countries have trade surpluses, which creates a built-in demand for their currencies as domestic firms repatriate funds. The Japanese and Swiss banking systems are also considered relatively strong. However with the SNB's decision to crank up the printing press and peg the franc to the euro at 1.20 francs will undoubtedly increase pressure on the Bank of Japan to do something similar.

Strangely, the price of gold dropped dramatically on the SNB news before rationality returned and pushed gold back up to an all-time record high of $1,923/oz. (although it did finish the day below $1,900).

Bottom line: today's news is very bullish for gold, and my prediction, made just under a month ago when gold reached $1,700/oz., that the yellow metal would push forward to $2,000/oz. should now materialize sooner than anticipated.

Video: Robert Shiller on Why Housing Has Not Bottomed